Cattails (Typha latifolia) thrive in lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes left untouched by humans. But artificial landscapes like gardens spark mixed reactions. Some see them as excellent additions, while others curse them as relentless weeds.
Both perspectives hold valid reasons because cattails can be both beneficial and harmful. However, understanding how to control cattails can make all the difference in turning them into assets rather than nuisances.
The Good Side of Cattail Plants
From a naturalist’s perspective, cattails are a marvel of nature that benefits countless species, including humans.
These tall, sturdy perennials can reach nearly 10 feet (2 m) in height. Their thick rhizomatous roots, long flat leaves, and distinctive cylindrical brown flower spikes add texture and height to aquatic gardens. They thrive where water remains constant.
Beneath the surface, they provide shelter for tiny fish and attract small aquatic creatures that birds and other wildlife rely on for food. Above water, their dense growth shields mammals and birds from harsh winter conditions, while their leaves and seeds serve as nesting materials. Cattails are an excellent choice if you want to invite diverse wildlife into your landscape.
Humans can have a great advantage over cattails. Their fibers are used to weave baskets, mats, and rush-bottom furniture. The downy seeds are used to fill pillows and mattresses. It even served as stuffing for life jackets during World War II.
Every part of the cattail is edible. The rootstock can be boiled, roasted, or ground into flour. The starchy stalk centers offer nourishment, while the flower heads can be roasted for a nutty-flavored snack.
Beyond their ecological and culinary value, cattails also have industrial applications. Their plant matter can be distilled into ethyl alcohol, used in antifreeze, and as an inexpensive solvent. What a versatile plant! And yet…
Tips on How to Control Cattails
While cattails can enhance a pond, they also bring challenges you may not want to face. Controlling them is essential because these hardy plants can take over within a few years. Their rapid spread comes down to their powerful reproductive abilities.
Those soft, velvety “tails” are actually flower heads, each producing around 300,000 seeds—each with its tiny parachute ready to ride the wind. On still days, the seeds drop near the parent plant and germinate quickly. But removing seed heads before they ripen won’t stop their spread. Cattails also reproduce through their aggressive rhizomatous roots, forming dense, impenetrable mats.
Cattail control is essential to keep your pond and landscape healthy. Fortunately, several effective methods exist. Let’s find an approach that works for you.
Manual Cutting or Pulling:
One of the simplest ways to control cattails is by physically removing them from the pond.
To be effective, focus on the rhizomes, as this is where new shoots emerge. Cutting or pulling cattails at the rhizomes helps prevent regrowth.
The best time to cut cattails is typically in late spring or early summer. Cut them as close as possible to the waterline for optimal results, leaving only 2–3 inches of the rhizome above the surface.
Bring Natural Predators
Introducing animals that feed on cattails is an effective way to control them.
Geese: These birds eat cattails and other aquatic vegetation to help keep their growth in check. However, large flocks can become a trouble, leaving droppings and overgrazing other plants.
Muskrats: These semi-aquatic rodents feed on cattails and can help manage their population. However, they also burrow into banks and create dams, which may lead to flooding or erosion.
Carp: This fish species consumes aquatic vegetation, including cattails. While effective, carp can also stir up sediment, reducing water clarity and disrupting the ecosystem.
Grass Carp: These fish specialize in eating aquatic plants and are one of the most effective natural methods for cattail control. However, they are regulated in many areas, so check local guidelines before introducing them.
Chemical Control
Another method for controlling cattails is using herbicides. The choice of herbicide depends on the size, density, and location of the pond.
Common Herbicides for Cattail Control:
Glyphosate: A non-selective systemic herbicide that targets a wide range of aquatic plants, including cattails. It works best on actively growing cattails.
Imazapyr: Another non-selective herbicide that effectively controls cattails and other aquatic vegetation. Like glyphosate, it is most effective when applied to actively growing plants.
2,4-D: A selective herbicide targeting cattails while leaving other aquatic plants unaffected. It is also most effective during the growing season.
Chemical control is not a one-time fix—repeat applications may be necessary to keep cattails in check. Long-term management is essential to prevent regrowth and maintain a balanced aquatic ecosystem.
Growing Cattails in a Pot
Planting cattails in pots is a practical way to prevent them from spreading uncontrollably, especially in small natural or artificial ponds. This method keeps their roots contained while allowing you to enjoy their beauty.
Clay pots work best since their weight helps keep them upright when submerged. They can also be partially buried in boggy areas. However, they may crack in freezing temperatures, so consider using durable alternatives if you live in a colder climate.
While potting controls root spread, it won’t stop cattails from propagating through their fluffy seeds. Regular maintenance is still necessary to prevent unwanted growth.
